Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but what matters is the keeping of the commandments of God. 1 Corinthians 7:19
What Matters Is – Those who claim that the writing of Paul set aside the Law and proclaim the age of grace tend to read only the first half of this verse. Since circumcision is usually understood as the symbol of Jewish obedience, Paul’s proclamation that it is nothing allows an interpreter to say, “You see, there is no reason for us to keep the Law. It doesn’t mean anything anymore.” Ah, but what do we do about the rest of the verse?
Any good translation will have the phrase “what matters is” in italics or some text that indicates it is not part of the original Greek. The Greek text is alla teresis entolon theou. Literally, this is “but keeping the commandments of God.” The emphatic disjunction is implied. Circumcision doesn’t matter. Uncircumcision doesn’t matter. But. Here the word alla is very strong. There is another word for but in Greek. It is much weaker. This word (alla) comes with force. In other words, Paul draws a hard line between what he has just said and what he will now say. But what matters is keeping the commandment of God.
Whoa! Isn’t circumcision a commandment? How can Paul say that circumcision doesn’t matter and then turn right around and say that what matters is keeping God’s instructions which includes circumcision? Something doesn’t make sense here. Just reading the text without the context will only bring confusion.
Here’s the question we must ask in order to understand what Paul is saying: Who is he writing to? It wasn’t Christians. There were no Christians when Paul wrote to the Gentile Messianic believers in the synagogue in Corinth. There were Jews who believed Yeshua was the Messiah and there were Gentiles who believed that Yeshua was the Messiah. They were worshipping in the same place. What issue could potentially separate them? Ethnic origin.
David Stern writes, “ . . . in God’s Messianic Community, Jews and Gentiles have equal standing before God. On this ethnic ties, cultural expressions, customs and social or religious status have no bearing; in this regard Jewish or Gentile does not matter. What matters is keeping the commandments . . .”[1] In other words, if you are a Gentile and you are not circumcised, so what? You are still accepted before God by grace, grafted into His commonwealth. If you are a Jew and you are circumcised, so what? You are also accepted before God on exactly the same basis – grace. Keeping the commandments is what we do after God brings us into His kingdom. Ethnic ties don’t matter. What matters is what we do once we are there. What matters is the persistent commitment to live according to devotion to Him over the rest of our lives.
Topical Index: commandments, circumcision, 1 Corinthians 7:19
[1] David Stern, Jewish New Testament Commentary, p. 456

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