These Three

But now faith, hope, love, abide these three; but the greatest of these is love. 1 Corinthians 13:13 NASB

You might be so familiar with the three categories that you’ve never asked what’s missing from Paul’s list? But a first century Mediterranean person would immediately spot the problem. What’s missing is gnosis—knowledge. In fact, in the post-Alexandrian world of the Mediterranean, gnosis was probably the most important element of salvation. The Gnostic religions that permeated the known world all operated on the assumption that this world was doomed and only the enlightened would survive in order to reach the next. Gnosticism influenced philosophical and religious thought in Judaism and Christianity. For decades scholars even thought that John’s gospel might have Gnostic overtones. If this idea is so important in the first century, why does Paul choose to leave it out?

The answer is the threat of gnosticism itself. In Gnostic religion, God is so transcendent that He can never really be understood by any thing or any means in this world. There is a fundamental break between the created and the Creator. It is only through lower, lesser divine beings and powers that Man has any apprehension of the possibility of the Supreme, but these lower deities are not friendly to Mankind. In fact, they use religion as a means to enslave men to ignorance of the true nature of reality. True knowledge of the Supreme cannot come through logical reasoning. That is a dead end resulting in the religious systems of this world. It can only come through direct revelation, a supernatural invitation of the Supreme. Therefore, reason produces slavery to its own way of understanding. The only hope of escape is the action of the Supreme sending a messenger who will reveal the true way. Anything less subjects men to rational and ethical oppression.

Gnosticism taught that the God of the Old Testament was, in fact, one of these lower deities whose objective was to enslave men with the Mosaic code. In Gnostic thought, a transcendent savior who came from outside this world was the only hope of true understanding and his message would be one that overthrew all prior enslaving moralities. Accordingly, this transcendent savior would suffer in this world because he exposed the truth of the world’s system. Real morality freed men from the yoke of religious behavior since once apprehended, men would understand that all things are permitted under the Supreme unity.

When Paul deliberately leaves gnosis out of the list, it isn’t accidental. Paul is reinforcing the Jewish paradigm that upholds the Mosaic way of life. He opposes this Gnostic rebellion as dangerous, not because it is speculative but because it promotes antinomian liberty. Yeshua did not set us free to do whatever we wish. He set us free from our debt in order to be servants of YHVH.

What is most startling about this brief history of Gnosticism is the influence it had on the Church fathers. Elements of the totally transcendent God, the wandering souls of men, the need for a quasi-divine savior, the hope of reuniting with the One in another realm and the fundamental dualism between heaven and earth appear over and over in Christian thought. Kierkegaard recognized the threat:

A man of intellect can never become a Christian, at most he can use his imaginative powers to toy with Christian problems. And it is this formation of Christians, if one may call them this, which introduces every possible confusion into Christianity. They become learned, scientific, they transform everything into long-winded discussions, in which they drown the real point of Christianity. But of course Providence in His compassion can do much for a man of intellect, to change him into a man of will, so that he may become a Christian. For the possibility of becoming a man of will is in every man. The most wanton, the most cowardly, the most phlegmatic man, a man who argues without beginning or end—bring such men into deadly peril, and perhaps they will become men of will. Certainly necessity cannot produce freedom; but it can bring the freedom in man as near as possible to becoming will.[1]

But even becoming a man of will is not enough. What God requires is not willpower but devotion. The reason gnosticism is such a threat, even today, is not because it produced spinning intellectual arguments but because it removed men from the challenge of God. It replaced Moses with Simon Magus and turned the prophetic faith into a faith of personal psychological enlightenment.   The temptation brought us all back to the Garden where we were encouraged to become our own gods, or at least shape God in our imagination. But Moses isn’t like that. Moses is practical, communal and accountable. Moses does not provide Israel with theological speculation. He provides Israel with executable action. And the second great Moses does the same.

Gnosticism is alive and well in the twenty-first century. It winks at us each time we imagine we have the ultimate answers to life’s deepest questions. It smiles when we pine for another utopian realm. And it deceives us into believing we are theologically safe in our bifurcated world.

Just what did you think Yeshua meant when he said, “If the son sets you free”?

Topical Index: gnosticism, gnosis, knowledge, 1 Corinthians 13:13

[1] Soren Kierkegaard, Journal 23 September 1855, in The Last Years, p. 358f.

Subscribe
Notify of
55 Comments
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
Brett

I have recently noticed it is not to difficult to notice ,a true messenger .He / or she speaks of The Supreme , and not a self motivation . Simple put ” one is sent ” and knows who has done that action .

Pieter

“faith, hope, love” are Greek concepts … what are the Hebrew actions?

Laurita Hayes

Hmm. Try “trusting”, “never giving up on love”, “connecting”.

Pieter, you have touched a sore spot with me. I see all the language of our (translated) Bibles corrupted into gnostic interpretations. I have been working on a new vocabulary: I think we need to start over.

Pieter

Agree and agree.
Faith = trusting (faithfully)
Hope = ?
Love = serving (selflessly)

Knowledge of / from YHWH (=TORAH) = good
Knowledge from Azazel (= snake(s)) = bad

George Kraemer

Hope is the belief that we can MAKE things better, Sacks Essays.

Pieter

What about the “expectation (preparation for)” that the Messiah is coming to make things better – and will establish “The Kingdom”.
preparation = our action
“belief” is Greek to me 😉

Laurita Hayes

Pieter, Skip says try “trust” instead of “belief”.

Trust is an action; belief is a headache and a battleaxe.

George Kraemer

…and Sacks says “hope is an ACTIVE virtue, it takes great courage to sustain hope. Jews have never given up hope.”

Pieter

I suspect Sacks is a Jew but why is he then into speaking “christianese”?
😉
I do get and agree with “MAKE” and “ACTIVE” however.

George Kraemer

An essay is a short piece of writing on a single subject to anyone interested. In this particular case Rabbi Lord Sacks, the former chief rabbi in the U.K. is writing on “Time as a Narrative of Hope.”

Did you not start this string hoping to get an answer to Hope = ? what are the Hebrew actions?

Pieter

For me
HOPE = our preparations for “the coming of the great and awesome day of the Lord”
I looked at R. Sacks’ writings and although he is very eloquent, I do detect a Hellenistic (to be more politically correct than using the term “chrisianese”) flavour – maybe that is just a compromise to be understood.

Seeker

I read somewhere that hope is revealed through faithfulness.
Hope is the abstract view while faithfulness is the observed application….
That is if I remember correct…

Pieter

קָוָה (qavah)[verb] to wait for, look eagerly for
יָחַל (yachal) [verb] to wait for, to expect

What are we waiting (and preparing) for?
… The return of the Messiah, the resurrection, the Kingdom rest.

Paul B

Even waiting [and hoping] requires action!

Pieter

“Waiting” can be demonstrated. “Hoping” is abstract (= Greek)

George Kraemer

I should also have added the introductory quote from Harold Fisch, A Remembered Future

“The unappeased memory of a future still to be fulfilled.”

Pieter

I agree completely.
The words “belief”, “believe”, “faith”, etc. should be banned from the vocabulary of the true “believers” ( 😉 … should be “worshippers”). So also “love”, “hope” and similar ABSTRACTS.
Keep working on your “worshipper’s lexicon”!

Laurita Hayes

Thank you for the term, Pieter. “worshipper’s lexicon”. I am going to start saying “worshippers” (or “followers”) instead of “believers”, too!

In my new terminology, I am trying to use the word “function” instead of “love”. I have noticed that it gets me a whole lot further in my conversations with people to whom “love” is either a dirty word or an abstract. “Function” also gets us a lot further when it comes to talking about the things of God with the godless. The language is definitely corrupted.

Pieter

For “love” try “serve”, it makes practical sense and will make for a better world. To love is to serve. “If you serve Me, keep My commandments.”
“lover” = servant
אָהַב (‘ahab) – act of being a servant / “friend”
agapaō – to do charity, to welcome, to entertain
One “explain” a Greek term and “demonstrate” Hebrew functionality.

To the godless you explain “the fear of the Lord” by demonstrating with the “right foot of friendship” … JUST A JOKE

Daniel Kraemer

Pieter, I don’t have any problem understanding “hope”. I think it is actually pretty straight forward. It is a (firm) expectation.

Act 23:6 . . . I am on trial for the hope and resurrection of the dead!”

Heb 6:11 . . . so as to realize the full assurance of hope until the end,

The modern usage of “hope” as a faint or wishful expectation should not be applied to these or all other verses that use the Greek “elpis”. These two verses should demonstrate this.

Do any of us think that for Paul the resurrection was a dubious hope? No, it was a firm EXPECTATION. The second verse confirms this. It says he held this “hope” with full ASSURANCE, or in other words, he expected it.

Even Strong defines the word as “anticipate, expectation, confidence”, so why do our translations use the outdated, “hope”? Always think, “expectation”, when you read, “hope”.

Just for interest and comparison, here is another verse that uses this trinity of words in one verse but with further clarity. WORK of faith, LABOR or love, and STEADFASTNESS of hope.

1Th 1:3 constantly bearing in mind your work of faith and labor of love and steadfastness of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ in the presence of our God and Father,

Pieter

Hi Daniel,
Thank you for the contribution of the “trinity of words”.
That goes precisely to the point of the subject matter of this communion.
The Spirit could not have construct your first sentence better: “understanding “hope””
HOPE in 1 Cor 13:13 and 1Th 1:3 is part of a triad about the Physical World – how to live.
UNDERSTANDING is part of a triad (wisdom, understanding, knowledge) about the Metaphysical (spirit and mind) – how to be.
As a consummate hebrew scolar, Paul would never have included (even subliminally) an allusion to KNOWLEDGE as a comparator in reference to the first triad, it would just not fit. Or would he…
This brings us to a tetrad, the four levels of scriptural understanding (PRaDeS). It would be typically rabbinic to infer the link between the first triad and knowledge to draw the attention of the astute disciple to the second triad, which includes knowledge … prove of which is Skip’s rabbit (rabbi) trail, to discuss “gnosis” and us running after “hope”, alerted to the trail by an “?”.
Another tetrad is: Ox (slave), Man (child), Lion (king), Eagle (priest), explaining the levels at which us as partakers devour the food.

What “hope” actually means is a secondary point, discussed elsewhere.
Shalom
P

Laurita Hayes

Thank you, oh, so much, Skip! This is so awesome! This helps me so very much. You said it so well.

So gnosticism says the animal we call a duck is a collection of attributes that you can list and hold in your mind, but the Bible says the only way to hold a duck is to catch one?

In Skip’s book, God, Time, And The Limits Of Omniscience, he lists those attributes of God that gnosticism gives us, and we dutifully check it off whenever we think we see a God (hmm, let’s see; does this God have omniscience (check), omnipotence (check), etc; IF SO, then He must be God). I don’t think he is saying that God is not powerful or that He cannot make statements (we call them “prophecies”) about what we see as the ‘future’: I hear him saying that those attributes do not DEFINE Him: He, in fact, gives those attributes whatever ‘meaning’ that they do have. “All-powerful”, then, is not a statement about God: “God” is a statement about power.

We get upset, for example, whenever we think we see God acting in ways that seem to suggest that He does NOT ‘have’ (exercise) complete power, but power itself is a choice God makes; it is not a thing He is. I see us getting upset when we think we see Him doing things that ‘limit’ (or negate, even) whatever attributes we have made into our God checklist, but isn’t that because we forget that those things have no meaning except what being God gives to them? We say “oh, God CANNOT or MUST do – or be – whatever”, not knowing that that is a gnostic statement; for, of course, God can choose to do whatever He likes to get the job of love done.

I have a suspicion that argument itself is a gnostic invention, for argument is unique in that it has to exist on a platform of agreed-upon, or, shared, attributes: you cannot argue apples and oranges, for example. This is why it is impossible to ‘argue’ with the truths in the Bible, for they do not ‘share’ attributes with anyone or anything: they DEFINE them. This has to produce one giant gnostic squirm in all of us.

Yeshua pointedly NEVER made a qualifying (gnostic?) statement about Himself – Who exactly He is. I see people questioning Him then (and now!) about this, but we are left with the task of making that statement ourselves (faith). I have noticed He did not show up and tell everybody “I am God”, or “I am NOT God”; surely the gnostic in us has to be going crazy over this! It is!

We are left with what He did say. He did not say “I have come to tell you about the Father” (gnostic statement). He said “I have come to SHOW you the Father” (functional statement). He lived in an age where false messiahs were rampant. He never said point blank “I AM Messiah”. He obliquely referred to verses in the Tanakh about Messiah, leaving people to draw their own conclusions.

Statements of knowledge leave no room for faith; no room to draw our own conclusions. Statements of fact, in fact(!) leave no room for choice; no room for our own conclusions or resulting practice. Gnosticism, and its attendant ‘facts’, has left a long, sad history of force in its wake, for the facts of knowledge leave no room for choice; only compliance or noncompliance. Gnosticism has started most of our wars and crusades and inquisitions. You are either ‘right’ or wrong’. With gnosticism, its always Judgment Day; forget choice. I have noticed God never has operated like that: He has always left it up to us (free will). Hmm

Mark Allen

Thank you Laurita

Paul B

Thank you Laurita. Could you elaborate on what you mean by “statements of fact leave no room for choice.” Give me some examples. Please. Thank you.

Laurita Hayes

Statement of fact: “the earth is flat”. Now, the earth may or may not be flat, and people who go around thinking one way or the other (flat; round) may act in ways consistent with their belief (sail off into the sunset; walk to China), but we are not in a position to make unqualified statements about anything (that includes that statement). This grates equally hard on science as well as religion, I know, and I am not saying that truth (like about what shape the earth really is) does not exist; I am saying that, as humans, all statements of ‘fact’ we make have to come with qualifiers because I don’t think any of us stand in a place where we ‘see’ ultimate truth (my personal opinion, of course). We have to depend upon Someone Else for all those statements. All of them. Name me one statement a human can make that is “the truth; the whole truth, and nothing but the truth”. At best, we travel on educated guesses, with a caveat attached; “I am human”.

People get into trouble when they think they have gotten to a place where they can see it all for themselves, much less for anyone else, about ANYTHING; much less eternal truth. It’s guess-and-check, folks, all the way. Water, for all we know, may not even be wet in all ways and in all places; we only know something (we think) about water in the ways our senses can perceive it. And that’s just water; not even eternal issues. Treading softly is well-advised when the single most dangerous thing on the ground is probably your other foot.

Choice is about NOT ‘knowing’ everything. Hey, according to Skip, even God can choose. (Conclusion: must mean He doesn’t know everything, either!) Oops, I might just have found a way to trip on someone else’s foot! My other foot, on the other hand, is usually more gainfully employed in stuffing my mouth at any point I manage to get the first one out. I need another serving of caveat right here, I think!

Paul B

Hahaha. Thank you. So statements like “Jesus was just a man” might qualify? TIC

Laurita Hayes

Define “man” define “Jesus” define “just”… See what I mean? It’s a wonder we can understand each other at all!

Sometimes I think it is only because of the Spirit of connection that not only groans at the Throne, but also at everybody else. None of us would probably stand a chance if He ever left us (exhibit A might be the Tower of Babel). “And if necessary, use words”.

Paul B

Dang. It just hit me. Life has gotten really complicated. Now I am going to have to “use” “quotation” “marks” “every” “time” “I” “want” “to” “say” “anything.” My understanding is likely not going to be your understanding since we live in two different cultures, separated by two different families, etc. Does this mean we are all guessing at what each other is intending to say? Or does it just mean that we are supposed to tread lightly? This “understanding” is new to me. Epistemology is so much a way of life for me.

Laurita Hayes

You hit the nail right on my head, Paul.

Leslee Simler

“I know that you believe you understand what you think I said, but I am not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant to say.”

George Kraemer

Laurita, how about “hineni” , here I am?

Laurita Hayes

Good question. Only Yeshua could make that statement and have it be fully so, for to fully “here” and fully “I” (not to mention fully submitted) is a position to attain, for us, anyway, only by faith in His Presence and fully-realized identity and by means of His submission for us – at least for now (and hopefully more so each day). This is why He is not only our Surety but also our Substitute. Our feeble statement made on faith that it (qualified) is made true by means of Him (whoops, I almost said “in Him”, Paul!) is not something that any of us can say with a straight face on our own two feet; BUT, we can say it with perfect confidence that it is made true by Him and for Him Who “liveth ever to make intercession (make our statements true) for us”. Halleluah!

P.S. what does “make it true for us” mean? It means, for most of us, anyway, “fasten your seatbelt”, because our Intercessor does not do something fancy to the words we speak; He sets about to make the necessary changes IN US to make the words true. I know; I have had to eat a whole lot of them words I said already, and I don’t think He’s through with me yet!

Pam wingo

In chapters 12,13 and fourteen he lists many things that are good when the assembly are together including knowledge. I always get the impression that if all these things before do not result and activate faith,hope and love in the assembly it’s useless and love is above all .It’s reproof and correction,not eliminating knowledge or speaks of gnosticism.

Mark Allen

Hi Pam, is reproof and correction more to do with sin and so therefore the torah and its illumination through Yeshua can help us to live the life now that honours YHVH thy kingdom come. Where as from my experience people can get caught up with imposing doctrines and sysytematic theology and call it discipleship but is basically worshipping intellectualism. The letter kills but the spirit brings life. If the son sets you free etc.

Every blessing M

pam wingo

Mark anyone who has had children uses reproof and correction it’s not just for sin and it’s often for protection. Like hot stove will hurt you ,or look both ways when you cross a street etc. So don’t find it systematic theology even in this instance.☺

Mark Allen

Bless ?sorry i dont think we understood each other. Story of my life lol

pam wingo

Boy isn’t that the truth,trust me when I die wisdom will not leave the cosmos.???

George Kraemer

The life we live is the “statement” of our belief or otherwise in the Messiah. A reflection of God’s glory or the detritus of our own messy chaotic creation. We choose. Choose life.

Ray Steadman

Again, love the discussion and pointing us back to Torah, through Messiah. Appreciate your words.

Paul B

Had a perfect illustration of this on my way home from the Y this morning . I was listening to the local Christian radio station. The nationally known radio preacher [I’ll protect the guilty, although we attended the same seminary] was preaching out of the book of Revelation. He was talking about how different churches were not living up to Christ’s expectations. In the midst of this message, he references a man who “DOESN’T VIOLATE DOCTRINE”, i.e., one who doesn’t deviate from Christian dogma. In other words, it is a “sin” to deviate from established Christian dogma. Is this not Gnostic to the core? Two years ago, I would have been completely ignorant of this mental conceptualization and deification of Christian dogma. I say deification because it is tightly and vociferously protected. When someone gets off the Evangelical or Fundamental Christian dogma rails, the wheels come off the train and salvation is put in jeopardy or lost [or if they are of the Calvinist variety, “he was never saved to begin with”]. Persecution follows.

Another illustration. I had a long-time Christian friend, within the last year, accuse ME of becoming Gnostic by “falling into Hebrew Roots.” [He also graduated from the same seminary, pastors a church, and travels extensively throughout Latin America preaching the “Gospel.”] But he didn’t say this to my face. This libelous accusation was sent in an eight page letter to my wife [without my knowledge or communicating with me] excoriating me, my character, and the “cult” I was now a part of. My wife is so distraught over my “defection” from Christianity, that she now believes I have violated my marriage vows, committed spiritual adultery, probably not “saved,” and have destroyed our marriage. Why? I practice Shabbat and fellowship with members of a “cult.” I am “under the law” and “trying to work my way to heaven.” You know the mantra.

I said all that to illustrate just how potent Gnosticism is. In the Western mind, knowledge isn’t just power, it is King. It rules with an iron fist and spares no expense to crush its subjects. Yes, Skip, you are right. Gnosticism is alive and well in the twenty-first century. But, “Greater is He who is in you, than he who is in the world.”

Paul B

I just realized that “in you” is possibly another Gnostic Christian gloss? Greek ἐν could be translated “among you, by you [your side], or with you.”

Laurita Hayes

Probably. That translation just happens to be one of my New Age friends’ fav’s. I have noticed they all love it, even if they don’t like anything else in that Book. Highly suspect.

Pieter

Where do you go when you “repent”?
… You return to your Hebrew roots.
Who was the ultimate Hebrew?
… Yashua HaMashiach, who came over (pass-over lamb) from Heaven to Earth.
`abar (עָבַר) [verb] same consonants as ‘eber (Hebrew) – to cross over, cease to exist (in previous world / life), emigrate.

“…sent in an eight page letter to my wife” – Classic Adultery. Why does such conduct does not surprise me, coming from a christian, a disciple of TORAH-LESS-NESS.
May YHWH cloak you with (let you tabernacle / mishkan in) Chesed!

Michael Stanley

Mark, Am I seeing a cleaner, more streamlined version of Todays Word or is my browser brown nosing me? Good job of it either way. Thanks for all you do to make this all seem so effortless and enjoyable. Shabbat Shalom.

Jeanette

Being able to see the truth after being fed lies (in so many areas of our lives) and manipulated by lies and living in the new world where psychopathy is a huge problem (besides many other conditions), I truly appreciate teachings like Skip’s. I have learned a lot about issues that are ruining lives and relationships….too late for me because I learned by experience the hard way…..but that’s why I hate lies and I don’t want others to suffer.

Thomas Elsinger

Jeanette, I can appreciate what you’re saying. I daresay many of the readers of Today’s Word have experienced the shock of learning that what we thought was true is not! I offer a caution that I hope that be consolation as well. I believe that people who we think are telling lies often are not actually the liars. They are merely repeating something that they have heard themselves and believe. To lie is to intentionally and purposely thwart the truth. Most people are not doing that. They are just not thinking about what they’re saying. To pinpoint the exact time when a lie first began, when someone decided to willfully damage the truth, can be very hard. You might have to go a long way back to get at the original perpetrator. If we call the current speakers “liars,” that can and often does drive a wedge between us and the speakers, making it difficult to talk reasonably with them. As I said, they are often not the liars themselves. We might call them duped, ignorant, deceived, thoughtless, but they are simply not lying on purpose.

Jeanette

I guess I was vague and I wasn’t thinking of speakers per se even though I do believe there are some in high positions especially who are liars. I won’t mention any names. Some common false teachings I was thinking of have to do with: 1. The snake in Genesis. Most people believe it’s Satan. Such harm it has caused. 2. Divorce. 3. The roles of husbands and wives (everyone needs ‘Guardian Angel’). I was also thinking about relationships and what’s causing so many serious problems and what’s causing all the mental disorders. And I was thinking of governments and agencies like the CDC and NASA. All ways we are impacted.

Craig

A first century reader would see a problem with Paul’s non-use of gnōsis in that context? I’m not so sure about that. “For indeed Jews ask for signs and Greeks search for…sophia [wisdom]” (1 Cor 1:22, NASB).

This word gnōsis is used 28 times in the NT. It’s very first usage appears in Zechariah’s Song in Luke 1:77: “To give to His people the knowledge of salvation by[/in/with] the forgiveness of their sins…”. It’s only twice in the Gospels, both times in Luke, and is completely absent in Acts. Yet Paul uses it a whopping 22 times, with Peter the remaining four: Rom 2:20 (law); 11:33 (God); 15:14; 1 Cor 1:5; 8:1 [twice]; 8:7; 8:10; 8:11; 12:8; 13:2; 13:8; 14:6; 2 Cor 2:14 (God); 4:6 (God); 6:6; 8:7; 10:5 (God); 11:6; Eph 3:19; Philippians 3:8 (Christ); Col 2:3; 1 Tim 6:20 (so-called); 1 Pet 3:7; 2 Pet 1:5; 1:6; 3:18.

Here’s the thing. Gnosticism was not an issue until the 2nd century. It was a perversion of, a response to, “Christianity” (or whatever you may want to call it). In the late first century there was a proto-Gnosticism, but not the Gnosticism as it was known in the 2nd century.

The reason John’s Gospel was thought to have Gnostic overtones was due to its dichotomies of spirit/flesh, light/darkness, above/below, etc., as well as his use of logos; however, note that John never uses gnōsis in any context. In fact, this word never appears in the Johannine literature. Having studied John’s Gospel more than any other book in Scripture, I’m of the opinion that (a) it was written ca. 95AD, (b) the dualism was, in part, an implicit apologetic against proto-Gnosticism, (c) the use of logos was because it was in use by Jews and Greeks alike, with John redefining its usage.

Circling back to 1st century as opposed to 2nd century Gnostic thought, some, such as Kurt Rudolph, proposed that the term gnosis be used to categorize 1st century belief, while Gnosticism be used for the 2nd century sects and expressions of it, in order to more strongly differentiate between the two.

In any case, Paul was not in any manner in opposition to Gnosticism, as it simply was just not present during the time of the writing of the Pauline literature. For sure, there were the mystery religions, and Paul adeptly used mysterion in a way that redefined these cults. He did this be calling Christ the ‘mystery now revealed’—as opposed to the mystery that must be sought by those adhering to the various mystery cults.

Pieter

I agree. The airy-fairy stuff was unlikely to be in Paul’s radar or came later.
My money is on Paul to have understood and used “knowledge” as “da’at” and not as “gnosis” and not discombobulate it into the triad of trust, hope and charity.
Gnosis [noun] 1. knowledge of spiritual mysteries.
“Da’at is the practical knowledge of the one who is knowing. Da’at is associated in the “higher mind”(neshama) with the functions of memory and concentration (thinking), functions which rely upon one’s “recognition” (hakarah) of, and “sensitivity” (hergesh) to, the potential meaningfulness of those ideas generated in consciousness through the powers of chochmah and binah.”

Pieter

It was intentional 😉
I have no major problem with Jonas’ thoughts about the ancient origin of Gnosticism: “Since in the material of its representation Gnosticism actually is a product of SYNCRETISM, each of these theories can be supported from the sources and none of them is satisfactory alone; but neither is the combination of all of them, which would make Gnosticism out to be a mere mosaic of these elements and so miss its autonomous essence. On the whole, however, the oriental thesis has an edge over the Hellenic one, once the meaning of the term “knowledge” is freed from the misleading associations suggested by the tradition of classical philosophy.” (By the latter I presume he means Greek gnosis and not Hebrew da’at)
The rider with the bow on the white horse … Babylon / Assyria morphing into Greece / Rome … Ishtar / Astoreth / Sammu-Ramat / Astarte / Venus (“Morningstar, son of the Dawn); etc., etc.
In fact I would argue that one should go even further back in the search for knowledge, to the tree of knowledge.
Would the Western Greek cognitive heritage not fit the “bad” fruit and the Hebrew action upon knowing, the “good”?
But I disagree with Jonas suggesting that “Some connection of Gnosticism with the beginnings of the Cabbala has in any case to be assumed, whatever the order of cause and effect.”. Except if it is again a terminology issue: That the “BAD” is Cabbala, is Gnosticism and the “GOOD” knowledge that was studied by Paul, Abraham, et al is of a name unknown.

Seeker

Now Gnosticism sounds like the fullness of the depths of insight into what was recorded in the scriptures and why. The more we try to understand the less we truly know. When we read it as Skip suggests as the original audience would have heard it we find application principles not cognitive awareness. Message becomes a reminder not a thought provoking discussion. Even though the latter seems to be needed before we can see God in action. Gnosticism may yet have a purpose in understanding scripture but not in doing what God needs us to do…

Pieter

Yes, agree: the reasoning part is “binah” not “da’at”.